If your periods are unusually heavy, last longer than normal, or you feel pelvic pressure or fullness, it could be related to uterine fibroids. Fibroids are common, noncancerous growths of the uterus that can cause bleeding and “bulk” symptoms (pressure on the bladder or bowel).
Because heavy bleeding and pelvic pain can also have other causes, the most helpful next step is an evaluation. If fibroids are the cause and symptoms are affecting your quality of life, minimally invasive options like Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE) may help relieve symptoms while preserving the uterus.
At a glance:
- Fibroids can cause heavy or prolonged periods, clots, anemia/fatigue, pelvic pressure, bloating, and urinary frequency.
- Not all heavy bleeding is fibroids—evaluation helps confirm the cause and rule out other conditions.
- UFE is a minimally invasive, uterus-sparing treatment option for selected patients with symptomatic fibroids.
- Seek urgent care for soaking through pads hourly, dizziness/fainting, severe sudden pain, pregnancy with bleeding, or fever.
What this symptom can mean
Heavy periods and pelvic pressure are sometimes called “fibroid symptoms,” but they can occur for different reasons. Fibroids can increase bleeding by changing the shape of the uterine cavity or increasing the surface area of the uterine lining. Larger fibroids can also press on the bladder or bowel, causing frequent urination, constipation, or a feeling of fullness.
Common fibroid-related symptoms
- Heavy menstrual bleeding (needing to change pads/tampons frequently)
- Periods that last longer than usual
- Passing clots
- Pelvic pressure, fullness, or “bulk” symptoms
- IFrequent urination or difficulty fully emptying the bladder
- Constipation or rectal pressure
- Pain during intimacy
- Lower back discomfort
Other causes of heavy bleeding or pelvic pain
Heavy bleeding and pelvic pain can also be caused by other conditions (for example, hormonal changes, adenomyosis, polyps, endometriosis, thyroid issues, or bleeding disorders). That’s why confirming the diagnosis with an appropriate evaluation and imaging is important.
Red flags: when to seek urgent or emergency care
- Call 911 if you have chest pain, shortness of breath, or feel like you may pass out.
- Seek urgent care if you are soaking through a pad or tampon every hour for several hours, or you feel dizzy/weak from bleeding.
- Seek urgent care for severe sudden pelvic pain, fever, or pregnancy with bleeding.
- If you have symptoms of anemia (fatigue, shortness of breath with activity, lightheadedness), ask your clinician about evaluation.
How we evaluate fibroid symptoms at MINT
We review your symptoms and goals, and we confirm whether fibroids are present and which treatment pathway makes the most sense. Evaluation often includes pelvic imaging (such as ultrasound and, in some cases, MRI) and may include lab work based on your symptoms.
- Symptom review (bleeding pattern, pain/pressure symptoms, urinary/bowel symptoms)
- Review prior OB/GYN evaluation and imaging if available
- Imaging to map fibroid size, number, and location (important for UFE planning)
- Discussion of options including UFE and surgical alternatives when appropriate
Next step: learn about UFE
If fibroid symptoms are affecting your work, sleep, confidence, or daily comfort, the next step is to see whether you are a candidate for UFE. UFE is a minimally invasive, image-guided procedure designed to shrink fibroids over time by reducing blood flow to them.
Medical information on this page is for general education and is not a substitute for personalized medical advice. If you believe you have an emergency, call 911.
FAQs
How do I know if heavy bleeding is from fibroids?
Fibroids are a common cause, but not the only cause. Imaging (often ultrasound, sometimes MRI) helps confirm whether fibroids are present and whether they match your symptoms.
Are fibroids dangerous?
Fibroids are usually benign (noncancerous), but they can cause significant symptoms such as heavy bleeding, anemia, and pelvic pressure. Evaluation helps determine the best next step.
What is Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE)?
UFE is a minimally invasive, image-guided procedure that reduces blood flow to fibroids so they shrink over time. It is uterus-sparing and is an option for selected patients.
Will UFE stop my periods?
Many patients have improvement in heavy bleeding, but outcomes vary and depend on individual factors. Your consultation will review realistic expectations for your situation.
Can I have UFE if I want future pregnancy?
Pregnancy goals are important to discuss. Some patients with future fertility goals may consider other options (such as myomectomy). Your care team can review which pathway aligns with your goals.
How long is recovery after UFE?
Many patients go home the same day. Recovery varies, but many return to light activity within several days and normal routines within about 1–2 weeks. Your provider will review expected timelines.